What is autism spectrum disorder?

4 May 2021

It is a condition linked to brain formation that distorts how the patient sees others and relates to them, causing communication and socialization problems.

Autism spectrum disorder encompasses various conditions, such as Asperger’s syndrome, autism, and childhood disintegrative disorder, among others. It manifests during the first years of life when the first difficulties or obstacles for the child to socially integrate into school appear.

The causes vary because the symptoms and their severity are different in each child, but studies indicate that genetics and certain environmental factors may be involved, as well as:

Premature babies.
Males are at higher risk of developing it.
Family members who have suffered from it.
Other diseases with symptoms similar to those of autism.

Signs and symptoms Autism spectrum disorder

The first signs appear in the stages of development when cognitive, language and social problems are manifested, which are characterized by:

Lack of cheerful facial expression.
Does not imitate sounds and babbling.
Inhibited gesture.
Lack of oral expression.
Language problems.
Problems socializing.
Indifference.
Diminished learning ability.
High or average IQ, but with difficulties expressing themselves and socializing.
In adolescence, emotional and behavioral problems can get worse.

Some children, as they get older, learn to socialize a little more with other people and control their behavior. Those cases that are not so serious can lead an almost normal life with the support of various therapies.

Potential risks:

Lack of communication and social interaction can cause the following:

Become antisocial
Stress episodes.
Inability to live independently.
Being teased and bullied.
Learning problems.
Tendency to victimize.

Diagnosis and treatment Autism spectrum disorder

If you suspect that your child suffers from autism spectrum disorders, you need to see a specialist for evaluation. Once they analyze the symptoms and clinical history, they will request genetic tests.

Even though autism spectrum disorders are chronic in nature, and there is a lack of a specific treatment plan, the primary therapeutic goal is to reduce symptoms and support the child’s development and learning as much as possible through the following therapies:

Pharmacological.
Behavioral.
Communication.
Educational.
Family.
Occupational.
Physical.

At the Neurological Center, a select group of highly trained and certified doctors in the various neurological specialties are ready to assist you with the quality and warmth that characterizes us.

Related centers and departments Autism spectrum disorder

Neurology Center
High Specialty Surgery Center
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

autismo.org.es
nimh.nih.gov
healthychildren.org
mayocilinic.org
medlineplus.gov
msdmanuals.com
medigraphic.com
Celis AG, Ochoa MMG. Trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Rev Fac Med UNAM. 2022;65(1):7-20.
Fortoul GTI. El trastorno del espectro autista y la comunicación. Rev Fac Med UNAM. 2022;65(1):3-5.
Pérez RMM, Alba PL, Enriquez GC. Dimensiones de la calidad de vida más frecuentemente afectadas en cuidadores primarios de pacientes con trastorno del espectro autista. Acta Med Cent. 2020;14(3):350-356.
Fajardo J, Albores-Gallo L, Genis-Mendoza AD, et al. Advanced paternal age as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder in a Mexican population. Salud Mental. 2020;43(3):113-118.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the Saludora Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is autism spectrum disorder?

Signs and symptoms Autism spectrum disorder

Diagnosis and treatment Autism spectrum disorder

Related centers and departments Autism spectrum disorder

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Autism spectrum disorder