What is cancer?

9 April 2021

It is characterized by abnormal cell growth that spreads disorderly to any area of the body, generating tumors that affect healthy cells and destroy surrounding tissues.

Blood cancers do not normally produce tumors, and, in addition, not all tumors are cancerous, but some grow slowly and do not spread, which is why they are considered benign.

Types of cancer

Depending on the tissue or organ where they appeared, they are known as:

Carcinomas: they originate in organs.
Sarcomas: they originate in muscle, cartilage, bone, or adipose tissue.
Leukemias: they originate in the bone marrow.
Lymphomas: generated in lymphatic organs and nodes.

How does it evolve?

Cancer cells spread to nearby tissues and organs, this is known as local invasion. Also, when they enter the circulatory and lymphatic systems, these cells reach other organs causing metastases, which constitute a new cancer in a place other than the original, which is called primary cancer.

Signs and symptoms Cancer

Tumors are often painless in both primary and metastatic cancer. However, when a cancer is already advanced, it causes obvious weakness and symptoms such as malnutrition, extreme fatigue, and high fever, and can also cause blood abnormalities such as anemia, infection, and anticoagulation.

There are other symptoms such as abnormal bowel and urinary habits, unknown bleeding, problems eating food, frequent coughing, or shortness of breath. It is recommended to see your Saludora doctor if you experience any of these symptoms, although they may not be signs of cancer, to make sure they are not oncological.

At Saludora Medical Center, doctors from different specialties work together to treat cancer, so a highly specialized team of surgeons, oncologists, and radiologist oncologists will treat you with the warmth that sets us apart.

Diagnosis and treatment Cancer

Why choose Saludora Medical Center?

Experience, state-of-the-art technology, and state-of-the-art facilities

Since its opening in 2009, our Cancer Center offers chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments at the level of the best medical centers in the world through a comprehensive care model for cancer patients.

In chemotherapy we include the most innovative therapies in comfortable facilities specially designed for your comfort and peace of mind.

In radiotherapy procedures, we provide you with evidence-based treatment plans discussed with experts from Houston Methodist Hospital, using state-of-the-art technological equipment in state-of-the-art facilities.

Related centers and departments Cancer

ABC Cancer Center
High Specialty Surgery Center
Radiology and Molecular Imaging
Clinical Laboratory

Fuentes:

mayoclinic.org
cancer.org
medlineplus.gov
cancer.net
medigraphic.com
Ávila-Rodríguez D, Segura-Villalobos DL, Ibarra-Sánchez A, et al. TGF-β and Mast Cells: Regulators of Tumor Development. TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol. 2020;23(1):1-11.
Cortijo-Palacios X, Contreras-Bello R, Gutiérrez-García C, et al. symptoms associated with pain in cancer patients. Rev Biomed. 2020;31(3):117-124.
Martínez-Benavidez E, Herrera-Rodríguez SE, Lugo-Melchor OY, et al. Nanocápsulas de capsaicina y su actividad antitumoral en células de glioblastoma humano. Sal Jal. 2020;7(2):96-102.

How can we help you?

The dissemination of the content of this material is for informational purposes only and does not replace, under any circumstance or condition, a consultation with a specialist doctor, for which the Saludora Medical Center is not responsible for the different use that may be given to it. If you require more information related to the subject, we suggest you contact the specialist doctor you trust directly.

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Comparison of COVID-19 vaccines

Pfizer-
BioNTech

Pfizer-BioNTech

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 95% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

No Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 16 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polysorbate.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, malaise, and swollen lymph nodes.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 14 days of having the complete scheme (after the administration of the 2nd dose), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

Moderna

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vaccine type: mRNA
Effectiveness: 94.5% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 28 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

Who should or shouldn’t get the vaccine?
People who should receive the vaccine are those over 18 years old.
People who should not receive the vaccine are those who have a history of anaphylactic shock (severe allergy) or who are allergic to any component of this vaccine.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, nausea, and swollen lymph nodes in the arm in which you received the injection.

Janssen/
Johnson
& Johnson

Janssen/ Johnson & Johnson

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 72.0% in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.
85% in the prevention of severe COVID-19.

Does not contain egg, latex, or preservatives./strong>

How many doses are needed?
Only one dose in needed.

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea.

How long will it take for me to be protected and what does it protect me from?
After 28 days of having the complete scheme (the last dose applied), the protection period is still under study. It protects us from 85% serious COVID-19 or requiring hospitalization.

AstraZeneca
and
Oxford
University

AstraZeneca and Oxford University

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 82% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 56 days apart (or up to 84 days apart, if necessary).

What are the possible side effects of the vaccine?
Pain where the injection was given, fatigue, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, and fever, which were mild to moderate in intensity and disappeared within 48 hours of vaccination.

Sputnik V

What is its effectiveness and what does it refer to?

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine.
Effectiveness: 92% after the second dose in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19.

How many doses are needed?
Two doses are needed, at least 21 days apart (or up to six weeks apart, if necessary).

What is cancer?

Signs and symptoms Cancer

Diagnosis and treatment Cancer

Related centers and departments Cancer

Fuentes:

Index

Specialist in Cancer